This arose from a thread on the Harpoon Naval Wargame mailing list about
the ocnfiguration and displacement of the Midway class. I posted the
following reply, and request comments, hole-fills, and clarifications.
Aplogies if you also get the Harpoon list and this is a duplicate.
BEGIN:
MIDWAY and FDR commissioned with 18 x 5″/54 Mk 39 single mounts
(possibly reason for confusion with 5″/38 cal.). CORAL SEA was not
Comm’d until 1947 and had only 14. MIDWAY CV41 and FDR CV42 had 21 x
40mmm quad and 28 20mm, apparently singles even though twins were coming
into common use. They originally had 4 x Mk 37 FC directors with cams
recut for the 5″/54 ballistics. They comm’d with SK-2 air search, SX
height finder and SR-4 back-up air and surface search radar. The Mk
37’s were located on pylons fore and aft of the island, and on the port
side below the flight deck, one abaft the LSO platform, the other
forward
of the portside elevator. The Mk 37’s had radar Mk 12/22 for 5″ fire
control. The ships also carried 6 Mk 57 directors with radar Mk 29 for
5″ control, and a further 8 mk 57 directos with radar Mk 29 and 12
Mk 63 directors with radar Mk 34/Mod 2 for the 40 mm guns.
Commissioning Standard displacement is reportedly 45,000 tons; full load
at 60,000.
By may 47 MIDWAY had the forward stbd Mk 37 director raised to the top
of the island, and the island enlarged. She had lost the SK-2 antenna,
replacing it with what appears to be an SG-6 late version of the WWII
surface search radar.
CORAL SEA when comm’d as stated above had only 14 x 5″/54 guns; she
also comm’d with empty gun tubs where the 40mm would have been. By
1949 these were filled with 20 x twin 3″/50 AA. She had no SK-2 from
the start She also has the bow closed off, thought not a full hurricane
configuration. finally the Mk 37 directors have been fitted with Mk 25
radar isntead of Mk 12/22. FDR shows the 5″ change and the removal of
the port Mk 37 directors as well as the same superstructure alteration
as MIDWAY by 1950. A photo of 10 Jan 51 shows the 40mm now replaced.
The FC radar on the Mk 37 directors is now Mk 25, and the SR-4 and the
SG-6 have been replaced by two SPS-6. MIDWAY shows an SPS-8 in place
of the SX, and some Mk 56 directors as well as the substitution of the
3″/50 in a 1952 Photo. In 1953 MIDWAY now has 2 x SPS-6, and a closure
of the bow – not the full hurricane bow seen on the rebuilt ESSEXES or
MIDWAY class later, but a closing off of the open section still leaving
the forepeak with its 2 x 3″/50 twins protruding out, and slightly more
bulging out than CORAL SEA’s. FDR had this closing installed in 1954.
insterestingly, even though it ahd been removed from the others, an
SK-2 antenna was installed on CORAL SEA by 1954, aft where the second
SPS-6 was on the other two ships. She carried this up to her 1957
modernization at Puget Sound. Also in 1954 SPS-8 can be seen in place
of SX.
MIDWAY and FDR received the SCB-110 modernization program CV42 – 1 May
54 to 6 Apr 56, and CV 41 – 1 Sep 55 to 30 Sep 57. The waterline armor
belt (note these ships were built with an 8″ belt!) was removed (in one
day and without drydocking, for at least one of the pair!) and the
reduced wiegth used to provide a 482 foot long angle at 8degrees off
axis. The full hurricane bow was fitted, the island modernized. FDR
got a tapered pole mast; while MIDWAY retained an open lattice. The
number of 5 and 3 inch was reduced. A fresnel landing mirror was
installed. The arrestor system was strengthened but reduced to 6 wires.
The aft flight deck elevator was replaced by a starboard deck-edge
elevator, and the original portside deck-edge elevator was enlarged
along with the forward flight deck elevator. Bunker capacity was also
increased. FDR emerged form this refit with SPS-12 air search, SPS-8A
heifght finder, and surprisingly, an SC-2 antenna aft! although perhaps
it was used with the SR electronics. FDR in 1956 also shows 10 5″/54
and 10 twin 3’/50 – 4 port, 6 starboard.. Midway in 1961 has the same
gun fit, but has a new radar fit: SPS-12, SPS-43, SPS-8A, and SPS-10.
(I think Mark Miller meant SPS-43, not TPS-43. SPS-43 would correspond
to the very large bed spring antenna he mentioned, but it is a long
range air search. Surface search antennas tend to be small, because
they are generally at S or X band.).
Presuamably it is after this refit the MIDWAY adn FDR have a new
standard disp of 51,000 tons (CV41 and 50,100) CV42). Full load is
64,100(41) and 64,400 (42). i also found a light figure of 42,170 in
CONWAY’S ALL THE WORLD’S FIGHTING SHIPS 1957-1995
CORAL SEA underwent a rebuild called SCB-110A from 16 April 57 to 25
January 1960 and emerged further modernized compared to her sisters.
The angled deck was longer, the midships portside deck-edge elelvator
was replaced by a deck-edge elevator on the protside aft. The former
site of the port deckedge eleator became a fixed part of the angle,
just as the KITTY HAWKS moved the port deck edge aft compared to the
FORRESTALs. The flight deck centerline elevotros were both removed and
replaced with deck edge elevators, one forward, one aft of the island.
the new elevators weighted 53 tons each and could lift 37 tons. CORAL
SEA also got a tapered pole mast. CVA43 also got 3, not two C-11 steam
catapults, includigng a waist (along the angle deck) installation. A
Mk 7 arrestor system was added. CORAL was also bulged bringing her hull
beam to 121 feet. She commissioned with SPS-37 (maybe) , SPS-12 and
SPS-8A radars. She had only 6 x 5″/54, two on port side (both aft)
and no 3 inch. (The photos do NOT clearly show that the antenna is in
fact an SPS-37.)
At this point CORAL AMRU’s std disp appears to be 52,500, with a full
load of 64,400.
At least 9 of the 5″/54 guns removed fropm these ships were provided to
Japan. They formed the main armament (3 guns/ship) of the three
MURASAME class destroyers of the JMSDF, commissioned in 1959 and
retired by 1989.
By June 63 MIDWAY now carried an SPS-43 and SPS-30 height finder radar
(the big oval dish with the side mounted feedhorn Mark Miller
mentioned). Further she is already at only 4 x 5″/54, one at each
corner. The aft Mk 37 5″ director had been removed as well, leaving
only one of these directors aboard atop the island.
By 1965, FDR is carrying SPS-30 in place of both the SPS-8A and SPS-12;
she too has only 4 x 5″/54 guns. Surprisingly there does not seem to
be a long range regular air search radar aboard. WHeereas, CORAL SEA
in a January 65 photo has both SPS-30 and SPS-43, but only three x 5″/54
guns (no gun starboard forward). She loses the aft Mk 37 director by a
26 july 67 photo. CORAL was the only ship to carry a bridle catcher
horn on the angle, after her refit, but it is removed again by the time
of this photo.
On 15 Feb 1966 MIDWAY commenced the SCB-101.66 conversion program,
intended to modernize her insofar as was possible. Sponsons were
installed to enlarge the flight deck, C-13 Mod ) catapults were
installed in place of the C-11, and new elevators of 50 tons capacity
installed in the same arrangement as CORAL SEA. The ship was now longer
and wider, received NTDS, an inertial nav system, a strengthened
arrestor system. The cost for the program was suppsoed to be $84.3
million, but the continual diversion of resources and effort for VietNam
and repairs to fire damage ORISKANY, FORRESTAL, and ENTERPRISE and also
apparently poor management at San Francisco Navy Yard (Mare Island,
which also managed to sink and drastically delay a nuclear submarine
they were building) resulted in the program taking twice as long as
scheduled and costing $202 million. She also emerged with only 3 x
5″/54, same arrangement as CORAL SEA. The larger flight deck probably
accounts for the discrepancy in air wing numbers noted in some of the
Harpoon thread.
It appears that her std disp at this time becomes 67,000. I didnt find
a full load figure (not looking hard though)
AS a result of this overrrun, FDR was NOT put through the same program,
but got only an austere overhaul costing only $46 million began in July
1968. the primary benefit of this refit was to at least give FDR a side
elevator forward in place of the centerline. She was out again by July
1969, wearing an SPS-30 and SPS-43 and only one Mk 37 director, but with
4 x 5″/54. FDR aquired more landing/air traffic control radars and
chaff rockets, and lost her two forward 5″/54 only after 1975, but was
decommisioned, stricken from the Navy lsit and scrapped after October
1977.
MIDWAY lost all her 5″ and probably the Mk 37 director, and received the
Mk 25 BPDMS Sea Sparrow launchers at the end of the 1970’s. I cannot
find firm info yet on when MIDWAY received the ‘flying bridge’ platform
from the aft end of the island to the crane. However, she also
apparently got a radar upgrade at this time, finally receiving the
SPS-48 and 49 pair so familiar for USN big ships from the mid 80’s.
MIDWAY received the hull blisters in an April-November 1986 refit in
Yokosuka. The problem with the blisters was not, as it was frequently
mistakenly reported, that the ship became unstable; rather she became
TOO stable, with a restoring force (righting moment) that synchronized
with her natural roll so well that she would continue to roll too far
in the other direction, taking water over the deck edges. This was
apparently similar to the situation of tehe first Gemran dreadnought
battleships, the POSEN/RHEINLAND/NASSAU/WESTFALEN, whose natural roll
period happened to suynchronize too well with North Sea swells and
suffered a similar problem until enlarged bilge keels were fitted. A
plan to improve this situation by cutting notches (essentially the
inverse of bilge keels, but with a similar effect) in the bulges was
apparently never actually carried out. Apparently she also got her two
Phalanx at the time of the bulges, still retaining the BPDMS.
CORAL SEA served essentially unchanged until October 1983, carrying the
last SPS-30 in the fleet. At that time she went into dockyard at
Norfolk, receiving 3 Phalanx, SPS-48 and SPS-49. CORAL MARU never
carried Sea Sparrow. She emerged from the refit in January 1985, with
now the capability to carry F/A-18’s. She began her deactivation and
stripping down in 10/89.
If anyone can supplement further or provide more date clarifiactions,
feel free to do so. The PRIMARY reference for this was the second
edition of Terzibaschitsch’s AIRCRAFFT CARRIERS OF THE US NAVY.
-Brooks